MOLECULAR BIOLOGY-A NEW INTERFACE BETWEEN AYURVEDA AND MODERN MEDICENE

''THERE IS IN THE WORLD NO SUBSTANCE THAT MAY NOT BE USED AS MEDICINE IN THIS OR THAT MANNER, FOR THIS OR THAT PURPOSE".-CHARAKA

जगत्येवं अनोउषधं नाति जगति किञ्जित

ANTI OXIDANTS AND AYURVEDA.

ANTI-OXIDANTS.

An antioxidant is a molecule that inhibits the oxidation of other molecules.Oxidation is a chemical reaction that transfers electrons or hydrogen from a substance to an oxidizing agent. Oxidation reactions can produce free radicals. In turn, these radicals can start chain reactions. When the chain reaction occurs in a cell, it can cause damage or death to the cell. Antioxidants terminate these chain reactions by removing free radical intermediates, and inhibit other oxidation reactions. They do this by being oxidized themselves, so antioxidants are often reducing agents such as thiols, ascorbic acid, or polyphenols.

Although oxidation reactions are crucial for life, they can also be damaging; plants and animals maintain complex systems of multiple types of antioxidants, such as glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin A, and vitamin E as well as enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase and various peroxidases. Insufficient levels of antioxidants, or inhibition of the antioxidant enzymes, cause oxidative stressand may damage or kill cells. Oxidative stress is damage to cell structure and cell function by overly reactive oxygen-containing molecules and chronic excessive inflammation. Oxidative stress seems to play a significant role in many human diseases, including cancers. The use of antioxidants in pharmacology is intensively studied, particularly as treatments for stroke and neurodegenerative diseases. For these reasons, oxidative stress can be considered to be both the cause and the consequence of some diseases.

Antioxidants are widely used in dietary supplements and have been investigated for the prevention of diseases such as cancer,coronary heart disease and even altitude sickness. Although initial studies suggested that antioxidant supplements might promote health, later large clinical trials with a limited number of antioxidants detected no benefit and even suggested that excess supplementation with certain putative antioxidants may be harmful.Antioxidants also have many industrial uses, such aspreservatives in food and cosmetics and to prevent the degradation of rubber and gasoline.

History

As part of their adaptation from marine life, terrestrial plants began producing non-marine antioxidants such as ascorbic acid (Vitamin C), polyphenols and tocopherols. The evolution of angiosperm plants between 50 and 200 million years ago resulted in the development of many antioxidant pigments – particularly during the Jurassic period – as chemical defences against reactive oxygen species that are byproducts of photosynthesis. Originally, the term antioxidant specifically referred to a chemical that prevented the consumption of oxygen. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, extensive study concentrated on the use of antioxidants in important industrial processes, such as the prevention of metal corrosion, the vulcanization of rubber, and the polymerization of fuels in the fouling of internal combustion engines.

Early research on the role of antioxidants in biology focused on their use in preventing the oxidation of unsaturated fats, which is the cause of rancidity. Antioxidant activity could be measured simply by placing the fat in a closed container with oxygen and measuring the rate of oxygen consumption. However, it was the identification of vitamins A, C, and Eas antioxidants that revolutionized the field and led to the realization of the importance of antioxidants in the biochemistry of living organisms. The possible mechanisms of action of antioxidants were first explored when it was recognized that a substance with anti-oxidative activity is likely to be one that is itself readily oxidized. Research into how vitamin E prevents the process of lipid peroxidation led to the identification of antioxidants as reducing agents that prevent oxidative reactions, often by scavenging reactive oxygen species before they can damage cells.

Oxidative challenge in biology

The structure of the antioxidantvitamin ascorbic acid (vitamin C).

A paradox in metabolism is that, while the vast majority of complex life on Earth requires oxygen for its existence, oxygen is a highly reactive molecule that damages living organisms by producing reactive oxygen species. Consequently, organisms contain a complex network of antioxidant metabolites and enzymes that work together to prevent oxidative damage to cellular components such as DNA, proteins andlipids. In general, antioxidant systems either prevent these reactive species from being formed, or remove them before they can damage vital components of the cell. However, reactive oxygen species also have useful cellular functions, such as redox signaling. Thus, the function of antioxidant systems is not to remove oxidants entirely, but instead to keep them at an optimum level.

Metabolites

Overview

Antioxidants are classified into two broad divisions, depending on whether they are soluble in water (hydrophilic) or in lipids (lipophilic). In general, water-soluble antioxidants react with oxidants in the cell cytosol and the blood plasma, while lipid-soluble antioxidants protect cell membranes from lipid peroxidation.These compounds may be synthesized in the body or obtained from the diet. The different antioxidants are present at a wide range of concentrations in body fluids and tissues, with some such as glutathione orubiquinone mostly present within cells, while others such as uric acid are more evenly distributed (see table below). Some antioxidants are only found in a few organisms and these compounds can be important in pathogens and can be virulence factors.

The relative importance and interactions between these different antioxidants is a very complex question, with the various metabolites and enzyme systems having synergistic and interdependent effects on one another. The action of one antioxidant may therefore depend on the proper function of other members of the antioxidant system. The amount of protection provided by any one antioxidant will also depend on its concentration, its reactivity towards the particular reactive oxygen species being considered, and the status of the antioxidants with which it interacts.

Oxidative stress in disease

Oxidative stress is thought to contribute to the development of a wide range of diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, the pathologies caused by diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and neurodegeneration in motor neuron diseases. In many of these cases, it is unclear if oxidants trigger the disease, or if they are produced as a secondary consequence of the disease and from general tissue damage; One case in which this link is particularly well-understood is the role of oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease. Here, low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation appears to trigger the process of atherogenesis, which results in atherosclerosis, and finally cardiovascular disease.

Oxidative damage in DNA can cause cancer. Several antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase etc. protect DNA from oxidative stress. It has been proposed that polymorphisms in these enzymes are associated with DNA damage and subsequently the individual's risk of cancer susceptibility.

A low calorie diet extends median and maximum lifespan in many animals. This effect may involve a reduction in oxidative stress. While there is some evidence to support the role of oxidative stress in aging in model organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans, the evidence in mammals is less clear.Indeed, a 2009 review of experiments in mice concluded that almost all manipulations of antioxidant systems had no effect on aging. Diets high in fruit and vegetables, which are high in antioxidants, promote health and reduce the effects of aging; antioxidant vitamin supplementation has no detectable effect on the aging process, so the effects of fruit and vegetables may be unrelated to their antioxidant contents. One reason for this might be the fact that consuming antioxidant molecules such as polyphenols and vitamin E will produce changes in other parts of metabolism, and it may be these other effects that are the real reason these compounds are important in human nutrition.

Potential health effects

Organ function

The brain is uniquely vulnerable to oxidative injury, due to its high metabolic rate and elevated levels of polyunsaturated lipids, the target of lipid peroxidation. Consequently, antioxidants are commonly used as medications to treat various forms of brain injury. Here, superoxide dismutase mimetics,sodium thiopental and propofol are used to treatreperfusion injury and traumatic brain injury, while the experimental drugs disufenton sodium and ebselen are being applied in the treatment of stroke. These compounds appear to prevent oxidative stress in neurons and prevent apoptosis and neurological damage. Antioxidants are also being investigated as possible treatments for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and as a way to prevent noise-induced hearing loss. Targeted antioxidants may lead to better medicinal effects. Mitochondria-targeted ubiquinone, for example, may prevent damage to the liver caused by excessive alcohol.

Physical exercise

During exercise, oxygen consumption can increase by a factor of more than 10. This leads to a large increase in the production of oxidants and results in damage that contributes to muscular fatigue during and after exercise. The inflammatory response that occurs after strenuous exercise is also associated with oxidative stress, especially in the 24 hours after an exercise session. The immune system response to the damage done by exercise peaks 2 to 7 days after exercise, which is the period during which most of the adaptation that leads to greater fitness occurs. During this process, free radicals are produced by neutrophils to remove damaged tissue. As a result, excessive antioxidant levels may inhibit recovery and adaptation mechanisms. Antioxidant supplements may also prevent any of the health gains that normally come from exercise, such as increasedinsulin sensitivity.

The evidence for benefits from antioxidant supplementation in vigorous exercise is mixed. There is strong evidence that one of the adaptations resulting from exercise is a strengthening of the body's antioxidant defenses, particularly the glutathione system, to regulate the increased oxidative stress. This effect may be to some extent protective against diseases which are associated with oxidative stress, which would provide a partial explanation for the lower incidence of major diseases and better health of those who undertake regular exercise.

No benefits for physical performance to athletes are seen with vitamin E supplementation. Indeed, despite its key role in preventing lipid membrane peroxidation, 6 weeks of vitamin E supplementation had no effect on muscle damage in ultramarathon runners. Although there appears to be no increased requirement for vitamin C in athletes, there is some evidence that vitamin C supplementation increased the amount of intense exercise that can be done and vitamin C supplementation before strenuous exercise may reduce the amount of muscle damage. Other studies found no such effects, and some research suggests that supplementation with amounts as high as 1000 mg inhibits recovery.

A review published in Sports Medicine looked at 150 studies on antioxidant supplementation during exercise. The review found that even studies that found a reduction in oxidative stress failed to demonstrate benefits to performance or prevention of muscle damage. Some studies indicated that antioxidant supplementation could work against the cardiovascular benefits of exercise.

AYURVEDIC HERBS AS ANTI-OXIDANTS

EMBELLICA OFFICIONALIS-prevent radical formation mainly by enhancing the levels of superoxide dismutases and catalase, or by sequestering metals like iron. Scavenging of secondary radical or breaking of chain propogation, conventionally studied as inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Repair and reconstruction of lipid membrane aided by glutathione peroxidases or by increase in level of glutathione.

  

HEMIDESMUS INDICUS-prevent radical formation mainly by enhancing the levels of superoxide dismutases and catalase, or by sequestering metals like iron. Scavenging of secondary radical or breaking of chain propogation, conventionally studied as inhibition of lipid peroxidation.

   

OCIMIUM SANCTUM--prevent radical formation mainly by enhancing the levels of superoxide dismutases and catalase, or by sequestering metals like iron. Scavenging of secondary radical or breaking of chain propogation, conventionally studied as inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Repair and reconstruction of lipid membrane aided by glutathione peroxidases or by increase in level of glutathione.Scavenging of primary radicals OH, O2 or by breaking of chain reaction. Repair of DNA & other cellular constituents.

  

PICORRIZHA KURRORA-prevent radical formation mainly by enhancing the levels of superoxide dismutases and catalase, or by sequestering metals like iron. Scavenging of secondary radical or breaking of chain propogation, conventionally studied as inhibition of lipid peroxidation. 

  

TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA-prevent radical formation mainly by enhancing the levels of superoxide dismutases and catalase, or by sequestering metals like iron. Scavenging of secondary radical or breaking of chain propogation, conventionally studied as inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Repair and reconstruction of lipid membrane aided by glutathione peroxidases or by increase in level of glutathione.

   

WITHANIA SOMNIFERA-prevent radical formation mainly by enhancing the levels of superoxide dismutases and catalase, or by sequestering metals like iron.. Repair and reconstruction of lipid membrane aided by glutathione peroxidases or by increase in level of glutathione.

  

ZINZIBER OFFICIONALES-prevent radical formation mainly by enhancing the levels of superoxide dismutases and catalase, or by sequestering metals like iron.. Repair and reconstruction of lipid membrane aided by glutathione peroxidases or by increase in level of glutathione.

  

ALOE VERA-prevent radical formation mainly by enhancing the levels of superoxide dismutases and catalase, or by sequestering metals like iron. Scavenging of secondary radical or breaking of chain propogation, conventionally studied as inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Repair and reconstruction of lipid membrane aided by glutathione peroxidases or by increase in level of glutathione.

   

CURCUMA LONGA-.Scavenging of primary radicals OH, O2 or by breaking of chain reaction. Repair of DNA & other cellular constituents.Scavenging of secondary radical or breaking of chain propogation, conventionally studied as inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Repair and reconstruction of lipid membrane aided by glutathione peroxidases or by increase in level of glutathione.

  

ALLIUM SATIVUM-.Scavenging of primary radicals OH, O2 or by breaking of chain reaction. Repair of DNA & other cellular constituents.Scavenging of secondary radical or breaking of chain propogation, conventionally studied as inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Repair and reconstruction of lipid membrane aided by glutathione peroxidases or by increase in level of glutathione.

  

ALLIUM CEPA-.Scavenging of secondary radical or breaking of chain propogation, conventionally studied as inhibition of lipid peroxidation. 

  

ASPARAGUS RACEMOSUS-Scavenging of secondary radical or breaking of chain propogation, conventionally studied as inhibition of lipid peroxidation. 

 

AZDIRACHTA INDICA--Scavenging of secondary radical or breaking of chain propogation, conventionally studied as inhibition of lipid peroxidation.

   

GLYCERRIZHA GLABRA-Scavenging of secondary radical or breaking of chain propogation, conventionally studied as inhibition of lipid peroxidation.

 

MANGIFERA INDICA-Scavenging of secondary radical or breaking of chain propogation, conventionally studied as inhibition of lipid peroxidation.

 

CAMELIA SINENSIS- Repair and reconstruction of lipid membrane aided by glutathione peroxidases or by increase in level of glutathione.

  

CLINICALLY PROVEN IMMUNOMODULATORY AYURVEDIC DRUGS

WITHANIA SOMNIFERA

CLITORIS TERNEATA

TERMINALIA BETERICA

BERBERIS ARISTATA

TINOSPARA CORDIFOLIA

CURCUMA LONGA

ARISTOLOCHIA INDICA

NARDOSTACHYS JATAMANSI

ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA

PICORRIZHA KURRORA

ALOE VER

ALLIUM SATIVUM

AZADIRACHTA INDICA

ASPARAGUS RACEMOSUS

ALBIZZIA LEBBEK

MECHANISM BASED SCREENING

Molecular pharmacology provides a new interface between Ayurveda and modern medicine. Based on experiential wisdom, charaka, sushrutha and vagbhat described 700 herbal drugs with their properties and clinical effects. Based on clinical effects they described 50 categories of drugs such as appetisers, digestive stimulants, laxatives, anti-diarhhea, anti-emetic, anti-haemorrhoid, anti-inflammatory, anti-puritic, anti-asthmatic, anti-epileptic, anti-helminthic, haemopoeitic, haemostatic, analgesic, sedative, promoters of life, promoters of strength, complexion, voice, semen and sperm, breast milk secretion, fracture and wound healing, destroyers of kidney stones etc. Based on our current knowledge of molecular pharmacology we can attempt the characterization of Ayurvedic drugs at the molecular level. One example illustrates this approach. Reserpine acts by blocking pre synaptic neuronal vesicular reuptake and storage of mono amines-nor epinephrine, dopamine & serotonin.

Today there is a world wide search for biologically active molecules of plant origin. Many renowned multinational drug houses have launched very active programmes of mechanism based natural product discovery research. It is my belief that subjecting Ayurvedic herbal drugs to mechanism based screening will be far more rewarding because their choice has already been backed by experiential wisdom. The 40 single herbs described by vagbhat should be studied with mechanisms-based screening for their anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory actions as well eability to decrease advanced glycosylation end products.

There is seemingly an infinite list of o;d and new molecules which interacts with an ever expanding array of cellular targets. As Charak said : ''THERE IS IN THE WORLD NO SUBSTANCE THAT MAY NOT BE USED AS MEDICINE IN THIS OR THAT MANNER, FOR THIS OR THAT PURPOSE".In todays era molecular medicine, disease is dissonance-due to excessive interaction, absent interaction or erroneous interaction between signaling molecules and their receptors. This concept is beautifully described by Ayurveda in three words-

ATIYOGA-excessive interaction

AYOGA-absent interaction

MITHYAYOGA-erroneous interaction

CHEMOPREVENTION OF CANCER

Chemoprevention of cancer is a relatively new concept. It involves the use of specific natural or synthetic chemical agents to reverse, supress or prevent carcinogenesis before the development of invasive malignancy.Many Ayurvedic herbal drugs with anti-oxidant and immuno-stimulant properties are ideal candidates for chemoprevention of cancer. This hypothesis should be tested by a planned randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial on a large population.

VATA, PITTA, KAPHA AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION

A look at the table on receptors and signal transduction will show that although the signalling molecules are diverse, the signal transduction mechanisms are limited viz.

1.Increase or decrease in cAMP or cGMP

2.Increase or decrease in IP3 /DAG

3.Increase or decrease in Ca2+ and other ion channels

Conceptually one can see a close similarity of this with the Ayrvedic concept of Vata vruddhi or Vata shaman, Pitta vruddhi or Pitta shaman, Kapha vruddhi or kapha shaman either individually or in combination.

Although there can be no one-to-one parallel between the 2 vocabularies the modern Vaidya may think of assimilating all the 20th century knowledge of molecular biology to expand his old concepts which are also derived from molecular biology. This is what the spirit of Charak, Sushruth, and Vaghbat would expect of him.

FROM AYURVEDA AND MODERN MEDICINE , DR.R.D.LELE.

WIKIPEDIA

Understanding ANGER by understanding MIND !!! Anger is good !!!

KNOW YOUR ANGER

Isn’t your anger the main villain in your life ? For those who have spent enormous amounts of time thinking of how to control this emotion ?....It is the emotions give life in the journey of humans, that make us a living being, the expressions ! As seven colours combine and form a magnificent rainbow, so does the wide variety of emotions that a human expresses adds colour to life.Emotions may be defined in simple (layman) words as  the positive or negative reactions towards an object, an incident or a situation that may be experienced or felt. It influences the thought, decisions and action of the person involved.Emotions are the magnetic forces resposible for attraction or repulsion towards anything.It also helps in understanding a person and thereby help in conditioning themselves accordingly.Here, emotions as said earlier should not be classified as positive or negative, it is wrong to do so, because nature has designed it for the good of humans.

ANALYSIS OF ANGER

I recollect an incident where an invigilator behaved rudely with me. I reacted by saying “sir ! I think you should behave a little bit more politely towards students. He immediately responded , ‘’are you teaching me how to behave ? “, and thus by saying this he took away my hall ticket. I strongly reacted again, “please sir give me the card or else say the reason why you are taking it !” Atlast, the problem was solved by other invigilators interferring.After writing the exams, I calmly analysed this incident. I found out three reasons that provoked me to react in such a manner. The primary reason was that , the exam was a bit difficult. The second reason was that in an earlier exam, the person had behaved rudely with me. I connected the above incident with this and thus came to a conclusion that he intentionally behaved rudely with me so as to embarrass me. The third and final reason was that , the rude behaviour itself acted as a trigger for bringing out the past memories in me in the form of arguments. So may be we get angry because of the involvement of past memories also, which we may not be conscious of.

There may be internal and external reasons for anger. They are :

INTERNAL

1.unfulfilled desires

2.self depraisal

3.desire for power

4.guilt

5.rejection

6.the inbuilt concepts of right and wrong

7.ill-health

8.so called negative expressions or attitudes or behaviours

EXTERNAL

1.Relations

2.Work related stress

3.Surrounding environment

4.Intoxication mainly alcohol

5.Condition of the society

6.Conflict of cultures and media

7.Situations

-One of the main reasons for anger are the inability to fulfil tasks and not getting enough rewards

-Asking or rather provoking a boy, by saying “are you a boy ?”  is the apt example for self depraisal . This questions targets specifically on his personality and hits the target provided he has a low self esteem, and thus he reacts to defend his personality by anger.

-The need for power and to influence other is one of the basic desires of human being. The persons who have high thirst for power will react strongly towards the people who seem to cause obstruction towards it.

-Suppose a person has commited an offense such a stealing colleagues money, mentioning that specific incident makes him restless and he is prone to react quickly. So persons carrying guilt react quicly.

-Those persons who are rejected from a group get angry quickly. The rejection from the society and family causes pain, hatred and enimity in the mind of the person.

-If you do anything injustifically, the instinct of ones judjement of right and wrong provokes to act against this situation by means of anger.

-Due to improper sleep, due to hereditary inherited traits, due to any diseases, due to lethargy , due to hypertension a person may get angry quickly.

(THREE PILLARS OF SELF ESTEEM

There are three pillars of self esteem, they are the realization that every human are important irrespective of their caste, creed or socio-economic status, the next is the thing called as unconditional love that remains within us all, that pervades us all, when we concentrate on this phenomena within us we are able to behave with everyone in a pleasant manner.The third is the realization that every human being deserves to be respected and loved in the same way as others, which paves for the internal as well as his external development, reducing his vibrations.)

-The personal habits and behavioural patterns influence how a person reacts to a situation , so it is important from the part of the person to cultivate good habits and behaviours.

-The family is the basic unit of society and that provides all sorts of security for a person. Problems in the family undoubtedly affect a person, may it be financial troubles, ill-health of relatives, quarrels with spouses, mother, father or brothers or sisters etc. So it is important to maintain a stable familial relationship to reduce anger.

-Problems that happen in our society such as,  excessive physical strain due to travelling, over talking in phones and other social networking sites, over engagement with relatives, problems of coping with neighbours, religious responsibilities, conflict of view points of the society etc…

-Unhealthy food habits do cause over reactivity. For healthy food habits do follow the below instructions. Regular and foods with proper nutrition. Do not consume excessive foods. Eat foods that are prepared form the home only. Drink lots of water, approximately about 12 glasses of water. Consume lots of fruits and vegetables, especially green leafy vegetables. During fasting drink lots of water. Obese persons should avoid over consumption, skipping a meal would help ! Eat different types of food. While eating do eat slowly and show respect towards the food that you eat by a small prayer before eating ! Its good ! Does good !

-Attitude plays a large role in anger. Negatitivity or rejection are a type of attitiude that is responsible for anger, which is the unacceptance of unfavourable realities. Not hearing things said or acting like, acting like sleeping, not seeing things intentionally, giddiness and vertigo, not giving proper attention to things said and not concentrating, showing excessive busyness….these are some coping mechanisms to escape from unfavourable realities.

-Repressed emotions due to conditioning of the soceity are another cause of anger.

-Showing anger towards a person since he may be angry with his wife or friends or family.

-For covering up ones own failures a person may react angrily when reminded, just like a person asking for more rest after getting injured, just to avoid work and responsibilities.

-Day dreaming without proper efforts for that dream to be realized, may result in person getting angry over silly situations, in not getting things done, when he had not taken any initiatives.

HOW TO AVOID ANGER ?

A sensitive heart is like a colour ful garden , that attracts butterflies. That heart which is full of love and goodness is sure to attract many persons and is the reason for many success stories. Such individuals can tolerate external vibrations from other persons , can understand them, and can give them relief. To understand oneself and others is the first step towards compassion. Hearts unite when understanding grows. This leads to self less love between individuals. So instead of bogging your mind of unnecessary thoughts and doubts about your future and career, lend an ear to what others say, understand them, may be they need you and that you be of some help, which if you do can change the whole scenario and may put an end to the vicious circle of hatred and anger. Accept other persons devoid of their right and wrong, goodness and badness, acceptance and non-acceptance. Patience is the next ingredient for compassion. It helps in forgetting the scars of past mistakes, learning from them and moving forward, it also gets us rid of negative thoughts, rejective thoughts as mentioned earlier.

ATTITUDE TOWARDS ANGER

How we take anger to be , how we see it plays an important role in anger influencing our lives. That view point influences how we face the future. Provided the fact that there is a general rule that one should control emotions, anger should not be viewed as a negative emotion ! I don’t dream of a world that is without quarrel, hate and fight. We make toddlers cry and then we make him happy by giving sweets. We did this so very easily to fight and then to join later during our childhood, but don’t know what happened when we grew up, we somehow forgot that behavior, we fought but forgot to join later, making all relationships brittle and temporary. All the laughter and cry became a pseudo act without any genuinity ! What a pity ! Consciousness is the key to the development and nourishment of ones life . Depending upon how much a person understands himself , that much he has self respect. The complexity of ones own mind can be understood only in the depth of ones own thought. An individual is given merit based on how he handles the situation after the episodes of anger as these are inevitable. When you get anger the relation scatter into pieces, that phenomena being inevitable, your value lies in hoe quickly you are able to refit those pieces, may be better than before ! The sweet melody while refitting the pieces makes you acceptable. All that glitters is not gold, is one of the oldest and most popular proverbs, that we have heard since childhood. Just as we ignore the beauty of blackness, the same way we ignore anger, the purpose and necessity of it. According to Charles Darwin, theory of the survival of the fittest, anger and fear are the two primary instincts or emotions that are seen in all organisms including human, that helps towards its survival, but the only difference is in their expression of these emotions and the intensity. So anger is good, if it causes good !!!

Here are 10 phrases successful people never use

 

I've spent some time around unsuccessful people.
Most of them live in a bubble of hopelessness trying to figure out how to break out of their cell (or cubicle). It's sad. One person I know is so unhappy and stuck that he seems to always be moving backwards, not forwards — faltering so much in his lack of productivity that it's almost comical. Being around unsuccessful people is never fun.

If you listen to folks who can't seem to push ahead in their career or who have never started a company or led large groups of people, they all seem to mimic the same speech patterns. They talk the same language. Here are the ten phrases they always use. Spot this negative talk in others (or in yourself) and you'll find the cog in your business growth.

1. "That's impossible"

The most unsuccessful people are always pointing out what is not possible. "Oh, we can't make an app like that because it will compete too much with Tumblr" or "That new Bluetooth speaker won't generate any sales because there are too many on the market already." They live in a world of impossibilities; they have a can't-do attitude. And they are sinking the ship of success.

2. "I can do it all myself"

When you hear someone on your team or a colleague insisting how she can finish a project or how he can complete the work better without any help from other employees, take note: that person is going to slow things down and is ruining the project. They will not create an atmosphere of success but only have their own ambition in mind. Ironically enough, unsuccessful people are always those who push their own agenda and don't see the value of teamwork. That's the very thing that ruins their career.

3. "I have a problem with that"

Nit-pickers never prosper. I remember going to meetings in my corporate career with dozens of people sitting at tables in a big room. Inevitably, someone would always stand up and start venting about some highly specific pet peeve in front of the entire crowd. They should have started wearing a sign that said "unsuccessful" to the meeting. They found one problem and then over-focused on it to bring the whole team down.

4. "Don't forget the details"

People who are really unsuccessful are crippled by their task list. The most successful people are those who see the end goal and know how to get there. Most importantly, they know that the details on a project are a means to an end. Finishing a task list is not a sign of overall success; creating a lasting company that makes an outstanding product is.

5. "I like my own idea"

Have you noticed how people at work sometimes only like their own ideas? It is a sign of selfishness and shows an inability to embrace the team objective. It also spells disaster. Those who only like and promote their own ideas are severely limited, because none of us can achieve success only with our own ideas. Imagine trying to build a company by never entertaining any other ideas. Collaboration always propels a company forward.

6. "I don't need your input"

Here's another phrase people use when they have decided not to work as a team. It's a little different from saying you can do it all by yourself. It means that person is not even open to ideas. Projects stall out and fizzle when those on the team stop seeking input from others. When a curmudgeon comes along and says he or she doesn't need any more input from anyone, that person has essentially decided not to be a success.

7. "I already know that"

This phrase is a sign of pure defensiveness — it means a grumbler in your company has stopped trying to learn and grow and has become more interested in being perceived as all-knowing. It's one thing to speak knowledgeably about a topic and add insight; it's another to constantly insist on being the only smart one. One is a sign of being helpful to a project and the second is a sign of pure self-ambition.

8. "Let me check my schedule"

If someone always insists on checking their schedule for availability, that person is inhibiting a project's success. It might be a valid excuse, but it could also be a way to avoid being helpful. In my experience, it means that person is sending a message about being too busy to help a project along and too focused on a personal agenda. They say let me check "my" schedule instead of figuring out the overall needs. Sometimes, it's better to just jump on an opportunity and worry about scheduling later.

9. "You must be wrong about that"
Wait, the other person must be wrong? Really? This phrase is a red flag on the road to success because the person saying it is assuming the people he or she works with are dummies; they believe there is only one "right" person in the room. That's rarely the case. Instead, it's a sign of success when you admit you need help. It's better to accept that others might be right about something and accept your own limitations.

10. "I can't"

Unsuccessful people like to talk about what they can't do. Starting a company means embracing the fact that there will be countless roadblocks. Talk about what you can do. People will tell you what is not possible, but when anyone starts using the word "can't" it means trouble. Saying you can't do something means you forgot about a basic tenet: that person has started to take "no" for an answer and stopped looking for workarounds.

-- John Brandon, Inc.

This article originally appeared at Inc.

Drug from Indian spices to fight hypertension

The search for an affordable drug to treat hypertension without side effects has led scientists to the Indian kitchen. Some spices and condiments commonly used in Indian soups, curries and rasam, when taken in a specific proportion with white lotus petals, can bring down blood pressure, say scientists after an animal study done in Chennai.

Researchers found that Siddha drug 'venthamarai chooranam,' a mixture of cardamom, ginger, cumin seeds, long pepper (thippili), dill (sada kuppi), licorice (adimadhuram) and white lotus petal could bring down blood pressure in rats during laboratory experiments. Excited by the finding published recently in science journal Experimental Biology and Medicine, doctors at the Sri Ramachandra University are now gearing up for a larger animal study and clinical trials of the Siddha drug.

Genetically predisposed to hypertension, one in four Indians in cities suffer from the disorder. The incidence is about 15% in rural population. Cardiologist Dr S Thanikachalam, who led the research, said: "Every time I see a patient's case sheet, I underline four causes - smoking, diabetes, hypertension and obesity." People with hypertension are mostly treated with allopathic drugs, but dropouts are high because many find the drugs expensive and some suffer from side effects. "So, we decided to look at the ancient Indian medical literature for answers," he said.



Scientists first tried the Siddha powder on rats and found it effective. "When we gave this chooranam for 63 days and the blood pressure dropped," said C Saravana Babu, a toxicologist who was a part of the research. Pathological reports showed the drug had made healthy changes in the genes, tissues and blood vessels, he said. The herbal medicine will be put to further animal and human test, before it can be given to humans, Dr Thanikachalam said.

During the study the doctors divided the rats into three groups - for the first the abdomen was cut and closed, for the second and third the scientists partially blocked blood supply to one of the kidneys. Two months after the surgery, most rats became hypertensive and they developed problems in the blood vessels, kidneys and heart. Scientists used special equipment that could measure blood pressure in rats' tails.

While the second group was fed with a placebo, the third was orally fed venthamarai chooranam at a dosage of 400g per kilogram bodyweight for 63 days. "We started noticing changes from the third day. At the end of two months, the blood pressure was almost normal," said Saravana Babu. But what surprised scientists was not just the change in blood pressure, but other actions as normalization of the carotid arteries and kidney.

Scientists feel that the presence of an enzyme called eNOS enhanced nitric oxide level and helped carotid arteries. "The inflammation in kidney was reversed in almost all animals. Pathological reports showed the drug make healthy changes in the genes, tissues and blood vessels," he said.

The drug has exhibited its anti-hypertensive properties, but doctors want to expand the animal study to see if this works in chronic conditions. "In these animals, hypertension was acute, as it developed after a surgery. We will have to test them on animals with chronic conditions," said Dr Thanikachalam. "If that succeeds, we will begin our clinical trials. We hope it would offer cure to millions of people with hypertension," he said.

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Whom we should follow ? The castro's & che's OR gandhi's & bose's ?

23/06/2014
Monday

Most of my bloogings have been as I have mentioned in one of my earlier posts been inspired by the posts seen in facebook (even though I have mentioned some negatives of getting addicted to fB !...im not against socialising, but I strongly believe soceity is out there, beyond your couch, beyond your comfort zone, i'd like to call whatever that comes under ones comfort zone as "home", no...its not true home is not where ones heart is !
One of the posts, to all Indians, as to whom should we follow, the Fidel Castro's , Hugo chavez's, Che guevera's, the Mandels's OR our very own Subrahmaniya bharati's, the Bose's, the Bhagat singh's, the Gandhi's, the Nehru's, the Tagore's ??? Hailing from GODS OWN COUNTRY, and that me myself was a part of SFI, the leftist students wing, Che, Castro and Chavez were the imageries that come to me when I hear of revolution after my college era....until I passed the entrance, I have studied of French Revolution and Renaissance, stories of the scarlet pimpernals and the guillotines, where the middle class successfully thwarted the feudalism though resorting to terrorist means...The Marxian era of socialism post industrialisation, symbolising the end of Czarian era, followed by dictatorship of Leninism and Stalinism.......and elsewhere in the east, in the Indostanian peninsula, The Sepoy Mutiny of 1857, the Jhansi Rani;s and so on ! I have only studied about Castro in my school books, but CHE has been a source of intoxication for youth especially the student politicians in our country mainly the keralite communists ! Posters of him could be seen everywhere round the corner ! 
''if the deaf are to be heard, the sound has to be loud!", it was the justification provided by Bhagat Singh, for the bombing of meeting place of british lords ! why does not these come to our mind, why are we plagued by western styles ? Every youth symbolises himself as revolutionary by carrying a cigar around his mouth, riding an old bullet, imaging himself around CHE, rebelling for whatever reasons ! Marijauana has been the symbolism of revolution nowadays, no its not revolution, its demolition , demolition of oneself of the youth ! I dont hear stories about Bhagat singh or Bose or Gandhi being in an intoxicated state or resorting to atheism, although Bhagat Singh declares himself to be an atheist and says reasons in his book on Atheism, but not in the way shown by Che or Castro ! There is an Indian way to it ! Ours is a culture aeging millenias and millenias, starting from the vedic period ! We are the ones who said aham brahmasmi ! We found out zero ! Every religion that exist bear similarity to hinduism ! But why are we diverted ? Why does the western world seem so very attractive ? May be due to the materialistic nature ! 

I have seen videos in you tube criticising Nehru and Gandhi, but who are they to do so ? What right do we have, when we have done nothing for our country ? Being an Indian , adopting anything that does not represent your patronage does not help you in any sense . So instead of being diverted or perverted, be on the right path, by remebering your heroes !